Setiap orang pasti pernah menggunakan search engine google dalam setiap usaha pencarian informasi yang dibutuhkannya. Entah itu berupa data multimedia atau data text. Sistem pencarian yang diimplementasikan google memberikan berbagai kemudahan, sehingga proses penelusuran informasi berlangsung sekejap. Namun yang menjadi pertanyaan adalah apakah setiap keyword yang kita masukkan membawa kita pada sumber informasi yang tepat dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan. Oleh karena itu google membangun sistem pengolahan informasi seperti pada koleksi perpustakaan agar tersusun secara sistematis dan mudah ditelusur.

Proyek perpustakaan Google untuk pertama kali digagas pada Desember, 2004. Namun bila dilihat dari seejarah berdirinya Google dapat dikatakan usianya hampir setua google itu sendiri karena latar belakang terbentuknya google adalah untuk membangun perpustakaan digital. Proyek ini Merupakan bagian dari Google Book Search yang berupaya untuk mendigitalkan, mengindex dan mengorganisir informasi yang terdapat pada buku fisik seluruh dunia. Sehingga nantinya dapat dihimpun menjadi perpustakaan digital.

Google Book Search berisi buku fisik yang telah dialihmediakan menjadi data dengan cara scanning. Sumber informasi tersebut berasal dari program kemitraan google dengan beberapa perpustakaan dan penerbit serta proyek perusahaan. Buku-buku yang diperoleh google dientri ke database google dengan cara scanning buku fisik milik perpustakaan atau penerbit atau juga melalui file PDF yang disedikan dengan catatan penerbit meminta konten untuk ditambahkan dalam index-file google. Perpustakaan google tidak menyedikan permintaan khusus pada penerbit untuk mengikuti program ini jadi, penerbit bebas menghapus koleksinya dari program ini kapan saja. Google sendiri juga telah menjalin kemitraan dengan beberapa perpustakaan perguruan tinggi seperti perpustakaan universitas Harvard dan Universitas Michigan untuk scanning tiap koleksi mereka. Google mengembangkan proyek ini dengan harapan nantinya terdapat sekitar 25 – 30 juta buku dalam katalog google.

Koleksi yang terdapat pada google books dibagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu buku public dan buku dengan hak cipta. Buku publik memungkinkan setiap orang untuk mambaca seluruh konten yang ada di dalamnya tanpa memerlukan biaya. Sedangkan buku dengan hak cipta hanya beberapa cuplikan konten yang dapat diakses. Namun ada beberapa buku dengan hak cipta yang dapat dibaca secara keseluruhan, hal ini karena pihak google telah menjalin kemitraan dengan pihak penerbit dengan ketentuan penerbit memberikan izin hak cipta.

Koleksi perpustakaan google hampir sebagian besar berupa PDF (dari tahun 2004 diperkirakan terdapat 300 juta file PDF yang dimiliki google), untuk itu google memerlukan teknik pengindeksan, yang biasa digunakan google adalah OCR (optical character recognition). Fitur ini memudahkan pencarian file pada database google dikarenakan tiap character / huruf pada suatu file diingat dan dindeks oleh mesin. Kata-kata tersebut nantinya diingat dan diklasir sehingga antara character yang terdapat pada file satu dengan yang lain tidak sama. Dalam pengertian ini mesin indeks google membuat konten tiap file menjadi unik dan mudah ditelusur. Sedangkan mekanisme penelusuran koleksi pada google books seperti pada penelusuran web dimana user menginput keyword sebagai media menemukan file.

Untuk mulai mencari informasi yang kita inginkan pihak google books telah menetapkan beberapa cara dalam menelusur file salah satunya adalah melalui query. Fitur-fitur dalam pencarian di perpustakaan google books hampir sama seperti yang kita gunakan pada search engine sitenya dimana ada dua jenis pencarian : Basic Search dan Advanced Search. Namun terkadang hasil pencarian tidak match dengan keyword kita. Oleh karena itu pemahaman dalam hal query dibutuhkan disini.

Today the information needs of Indonesian society began to grow. Not only the artificial demand and instantaneous but has a need for a continuous and routine. Various needs good information from the world of entertainment, economics, business, politics, science, until it became a minor public consumption. Information has now been assessed by our society as a necessity, than just to know that for professional purposes, information is beginning to respond positively by masyarakat.Posisi information as essential needs of our community made to reach the goal through the benefits gained. With the availability of information, people can broaden their knowledge horizons, to understand the position and role in society and find out what events are happening around him.
Various events and community obtained information that can not be separated from the role of mass media in connection with the presentation of facts and interpretations of events. Through the public media to get some form of presentation of information in the form of news.
News is not an information that is always associated with all the events because not all events be preached lips. News itself is more focused construction of a reality intepretasinya process uses a variety of language has been measured. So the language can be said to play an important role in shaping public opinion.
But unfortunately there are problems associated with the news that was launched by the mass media. Sometimes the news is less objective than actual reality besides stripping limitations of data and facts presented in a friction makes the news. In terms of the facts have been contaminated by the subjectivity of opinion and news writers or even the fact sebgaian manipulated by certain parties for the wishes.
This then resulted in a wave of strong public opinion on an issue that is reported. Whether it's positive assessment of the hegemony of the positive image of the media posted or shape public opinion would be a negative case. Positive image that does not fit with the reality of the lies cause negative public opinion while continuing tersugestinya launched will cause resentment and hatred that the public feud thickens the smell of a problem. Thus the key problem is the presentation of news that could give a description of the problem as objective as possible so that the tendency of public opinion toward the negative can be controlled.
In this paper will be explained further about the role of mass media in the development of information and issues arising. The definition of news, definitions and types of media-type, the concept of the ideal mass media impact of the media presence to the solution and action plan adopted in dealing with these social problems.
Before discussing more about the role of the news media in shaping public character, be helpful to know the etymology of the news media and relevant part in it.
Definition news according to some communications experts, among others described as follows:
1.Menurut Dean M. Lyle Spencer: News is a fact or idea that can really attract much attention from readers.
2.Menurut Willard C. Bleyer: News is something termasa (new) selected by the reporters to appear in the newspaper. So he can draw or have makana for newspaper readers, or because it can attract readers - readers are.
3.Menurut William Maulsby S: News is a narrative correctly and impartially from the facts that have significance and a new place, which could attract the attention of newspaper readers is about news.
4.Menurut J.B. Wahyudi: News is reporting about the events or opinions that have the important value, attractive to some audiences, is still new and published through the mass media periodically.
H Djafar 5.Menurut Assegaf: News is reporting about the facts or ideas that termasa (new), selected by the editorial staff of a newspaper to broadcast, which can attract the attention of the reader. Whether because of extraordinary, whether because of the importance, or consequence, whether it is also because it includes aspects such as human interest humor, emotion and tension.
From the definition of news by some experts on journalism can be obtained by a synthesis of understanding the essence of the news. Core elements include news reports, incident / event / opinions are interesting and important, and served as quickly as possible (actual) through periodic media.
Whereas synthesis of mass media sense is a kind of communication addressed to several audiences scattered, heterogeneous, and anonymously through the print or electronic media, so the message is the same information can be received simultaneously and for a moment. Sense''may''here emphasizes the understanding that the number of actual recipients of information through mass media at a given moment is not essential. What is important is that the message can arrive at a large number of people in places scattered or "The communicator is a social organization capable or reproducing the message and sending it simultaneously to large number of people who are separated spartially" (Tan, 1981: 73).
The forms of mass media, in general, there are two types, namely: the print media (newspapers and magazines, including the books) and electronic media (television and radio, including the internet).
From the above two terms, the more clearly the role of media in the social life of a group. Media is connect people with the problem. The media's view of reality will determine the contents of the issue of symbolic reality. In addition there are six perspectives in viewing the role of media in social life.
First, see the media as a window on events and experience. Media is seen as a window that allows audiences to see what is happening out there. Or the media is a means to learn to know the various events.
Second, the media is also often seen as a mirror of events in society and the world, implying a faithful reflection. Mirror the events in the community and the world, which reflects what it is. Because of the media managers do not often feel "guilty" if the contents of the media is full of violence, conflict, pornography and various other evils, because they in fact did so, the media only as a reflection of the fact, regardless of likes and dislikes. But verily, angle, direction and framing of the contents of which are considered as a mirror of reality is decided by media professionals, and audiences are not completely free to find out what they want.
Third, looking at the mass media as a filter, or gatekeepers who select various things to be given attention or not. Media always choose issue, information or other forms of content based on the standard of the managers. Here the audience "chosen" by the media about what is worthy of note and attention.
Fourth, the mass media are often regarded as guide or interpreter, who translated and showing the direction of the various uncertainties, or a variety of alternative
Fifth, to see the media as a forum to present various information and ideas to the audience, thus allowing the occurrence of responses and feedback.
Sixth, the mass media as an interlocutor, which is not just a place away thatched information, but also the communication partner which allows interactive communication (press relations).
Role of media in society over the future will bring impact and significant changes to social life. Various media products presented on the viewers to give suggestions and influences that cause social change. According to Karl Erik Rosengren and the impact of media influence can be seen from the small scale (individual) and large (society) and sooner or later it spread influence.
This means that the impact of mass media can spread to anyone holistically. And simultaneously the impact of mass media with the community towards a change. Stay how it changes form, whether positive or negative.
The role of mass media considered positive role for society when the media can spread and menanamka moral values as an example of human love, uphold morals, respect the rights of others, spreading the tradition of forgiveness and mangasihi. Therefore penyuguhan and broadcast news media must remain entertaining despite education to build a healthy community behavior.
The mass media can also serve as a source of reference in the field of education and the rapid dissemination of information. In this case, the media can increase the level of public knowledge. Today, the media have an important part in the calls on people to combat the violence, and acts of criminality.
Media as a strategic force in the dissemination of information is one of the social authority influential in shaping attitudes and social norms of a society. The mass media can serve the wise role model for cultural change public attitudes.
But there are negative effects of penyuguhan news and impressions by the media. Mass media products will shape public opinion and negative perspectives. As an example of a display ad impressions or tobacco products are proven to drink by the latest research reveals that such ads proved mensugesti children and teenagers to try to consume them. Meanwhile, news that still confuse the object with the opinion factually possible authors can disseminate hostility and anarchist actions.
Another negative impact is the change in lifestyle. In developing countries the presentation of foreign news and entertainment to make the cultural and local values run over by a western-style modernization bersebrangan dengang cultural paradigm that is more tendentious Indonesia oriental.
In a personal level, the media proved to changing lifestyles and trends audience activity. Example of this is the impression or broadcast programs presented in electronic media such as television, radio or internet. Some researchers reveal too long listening impressions or broadcast media presented will make your lifestyle more passive and lazy to move. Lack of physical activity will affect the health quality of each individual.
To deal with the negative impacts of the above required a solution as well as a draft action plan which preventive or enforcement. Given the country's position at the time of globalization, it is impossible to circumvent technological developments and advances in the media following. Mass media as a driver of public opinion as a tool to make pengonstruksi society. Concrete examples of overcoming negative public opinion has been described in the sociology of communication known opinion leaders or opinion leaders. The mass media are expected to publish more opinions and arguments of community leaders such as religious, cultural figures, the experts until the observer of social problems. So expect public opinion is always awake in the tracks of positive objectivity.
Also more important is the existence of government regulation of the press law, film law and broadcasting law. Set of regulatory mechanisms that would later set strict sanctions against anyone who break them.
Another thing that drives two above action plan is the community participation efforts to jointly prevent the adverse effects of media globalization. Thus the freedom of the press created a dynamic in the development of information and positive for the community character formation and active in nation-building role.

The information age is a product of the development of science and progress of human civilization. This era marked by the transition pattern of life originated from industry-oriented toward the public with information-oriented patterns. The transition from industry segment to the segment information that is now considered an essential and urgent to make a fundamental transformation that changed the way people work globally. For example the shift of jobs are now more based on science. So there is a rapid development in the five sectors of education, research and development, mass media, as well as information technology and information services. 

In the process, the knowledge (data, information, and culture) is also a commodity / primary resource that drives the various aspects such as economy, education and politics. As a result the distribution of information or the creation of information becomes a fundamental requirement for all aspects. This will lead to highly motivated individuals in the hunt and find the information that is considered to be a solution to a particular problem. 

Information that has been seen in the perspective of those needs and then developed rapidly with the support of technological products. By looking at the opportunity to reliance on the information society, some of the producers and innovating in their technology to create products mainly based information. This raises the output of the technology that was launched in the market to be very diverse. various types of variants emerged and has been implemented and provide a significant contribution to the whole pattern of human activity. Starting from the simplest IT vehicle of radio and television devices, mobile phones, to computers and wireless internet connection which makes the flow of information to flow quickly. 

The emergence of variants of the IT course, make the consumer (society) has a range of choice in meeting the information needs for fast, precise, cheap and safe. TI votes thus providing many facilities, as well as a new way of doing human activities in the scope need for information. 

IT also creates a new paradigm in the world of work is always required seprofesional possible. Some field work has been meangalami kesukseksan in implementing an information technology. For example in economics and banking where information plays a crucial role in its manifestation. IT has changed the face of conventional slow economy and rely on the interaction of physical resources locally to the digital economy and rely on fast-paced interaction information resources globally. Velocity of the flow of money in a digital, capital, stocks on Wall Street, and the dollar exchange rate in a matter of minutes can be monitored progress. 


But along with the development of IT is increasingly diverse, there is a new problem where the people had flood of information (information overloaded). Each of the various IT devices present information in accordance with their respective formats resulting membludaknya information in the field. The number of information often makes the users of IT are faced with information that is not appropriate, it implies a less precise, are not relevant to the context of the discussion until the false information that is not based on facts. 

This then affects the psychological aspect of individuals who are confused in choosing an IT product and the information presented. If the phenomenon flood of information among the wider community can be addressed with the fundamental basis of the substance of the information itself, it is expected that there would minimize the resulting negative impact. But when facing a flood of information without a basic attitude is what will happen is trapped and the community at terseretnya flow velocity more information highlighting the negative side than the positive side. 

For example, the effect of mass media development and audio visual. Like television in this case the latent impact of social change because television gives influensi assessed against the values in society. The variety show is presented from the television news about a trivial thing higga important. Not to mention the effect of the nature of impressions such as impressions do not educate the majority of soap opera highlighting only kehedonisan side, worldly, material and eroticity.

Besides television, the Internet media also assessed the effect of simultaneous changes of cultural values in particular. The information in the internet that often take the penetration of foreign culture from various locations in the world. Various events ranging from the trivial to the significant progress we can monitor in seconds. Not to mention the frequent communication activity on the internet doing something like an e-mail, chat, blogs, and facebook allow local cultural shift. 

The point IT will bring negative influence to the development of behavior and cultural shifts (changing social) which will be addressed and if not properly addressed and will lead to early problems that accumulated at the back into an already acute problem. 

Therefore required the formation and development of a mature attitude in tackling the hardness rate information. In this course the most important control is the relevant IT user. Communities in this context needs to be positioned as the primary key for information flow that they also play a major role precisely those who have direct impact. Strategic position will develop the user's authority in the use of IT rather than an object of exploitation by the market and business information that jelly producers saw an opportunity. 
In another sense endless flood of information can educate the audience who holds the key when access to information are the masters of technology or the market economy players chasing profits and ratings. 

So in dealing with the development of the public role of information and individuals should be supported by the intelligence in the information (information literacy). The abundance of information will not be brought low and flat to negative if the public can explore the information into a useful resource. Public required to be able to develop information literacy attitudes which in this case could be the ability in the implementation of an information technology. 

Capabilities in information literacy skills starting from the operation of the individual in a product information. A valued technology implementations fail when human resources are not directed to have the technical mastery of it. In the concept of psychological studies there are several theories explaining the reasons for the individual theory of reasoned action (TRA), theory planned behavior (TPB) and technology acceptance model (TAM). 

Expertise in accessing the information is equally important in the development impact of information. After individuals have the technical skills of IT operations, they are also expected to have the ability to access the information using IT products implementing the technical expertise. Can not imagine if one individual wants to access the information but he does not has particularly technical implementation skills. Therefore need a more vigorous effort to train dalm IT operational skills. 

Subsequent ability to apply the skill in selecting an information. In this case required a learning process in terms of attitude and a selective choice of information. Information is abundant and varied and should be addressed by adults. Each individual must have the ability to determine the priority options will need the information. Users are expected to provide a definition of information in a positive and negative. 

Another capability is the analysis of information that requires the user can IT memeberikan intuition of the truth of the information that has been chosen. Indeed, many emerging information that distort the facts (information bias) and often make various controversies. For example the case of Al-Quran virtual in cyberspace that its content tekadang have many disagreements with authentic manuscripts. By learning the individual is expected to increase the power of intuition in verifying whether the information is true or false. 

Ability berliterasi last information is the expertise of individuals in managing information wisely. Organizing the information needs can be a user benchmark in the successful implementation of an IT product. Information that has been managed in the application allows users of information (knowledge) that he can from IT. So positive extraction of information can be extracted as optimal as possible. 

All the ability in berliterasi information can then be translated into two more forms of IT literacy skills and media literacy. An understanding of the IT literacy is required because the user will be more aware of aspects of a vision technology products. It's useless to hold a poyek digitizing an aspect if the public does not know the intent and purpose. While media literacy provides the user an understanding of the benefits of the media information that are required to provide the benefits of intellectual enlightenment and other inspiration. 

The conclusion from this study discussion is information considered to give effect to the development patterns of human activity. This is a sign of a shift yersebut era of industrial society to information society is marked by the perspective of information as a requirement. So that information plays an important role in the space of human life in all areas. 

The development of information and provision of facilities supported by technology that allows the public in accessing the information. But a variety of IT unfortunately also serve a variety of the information. The result is now sweeping the public is a phenomenon of "information overload" (flood of information) that makes users feel confused in determining the choice of information. 

Therefore the user as an individual occupies a crucial role in facing the rate of development of the information in this new era. So they will not fall by some of the effects and dangers of the information necessary to anticipate the steps of planting and understanding of individuals in being and acting, in this case is an individual claim to have the information literacy (information literacy), IT literacy (ability to use IT) and media literacy ( cleverness will the media). 

With such expertise is not one of the public expected in the current rotation position information. The ideal information society where the public is diposisiskan as important in the development of key information. While economic actors and market organizer information only as a mediator in the handling of public information needs. 
Thus, individuals who have been expected given all these capabilities will be able to meet the flow rate of the information so that their role and terminimalisir not affected by the negative impact the development of shared information. The development of information does not need to be addressed in a skeptical and totally avoid it, but the most important is the understanding, placement, and how to behave toward an information technology and its products. So that individuals not be dragged further by the flow velocity of the information in this regard the world as one global village.

Fundamental problematic issues in the public interest in reading in Indonesia is the intensity level of reading activity is still low compared with other countries in the region asia. Cultural factors can be considered as the cause of the problems which the oral and visual culture in Indonesia is more dominant and show a majority number of the reading culture. One also keberkasaraan or level of literacy of the Indonesian population is relatively low barrier to reading activities. 

The problem is also influenced by how far the process of recognition and interest in reading behavior as early as possible. For it is the role of parents and children are preferred environment for the formation of the spirit of reading in children. In general, children who liked to read under the influence of parents and lingkungannnya which then developed into the effects of stimulation on the child to grow interest and reading behavior. 

But a lot happened in the field is reversed, where the environment in which to grow the child develops to find and search for identity does not support the implementation process of reading behavior of children. This means that parents and environmental apathy toward reading activities. Such things can we meet up to now as a teacher who forbade students to bring any reading material other than textbooks to schools that will kill the spirit of reading them. Also the attitude of parents more concerned with children's academic achievement than to foster and develop children's interests will be reading and local literature that can give children a picture of values and social norms. 

In addition to fundamental issues such behavior appears as a phenomenon of interest in reading activities began to grow in love of libraries or classes that have schools of public and be aware of the importance of reading behavior, especially of children and adolescents. The problem is the rise of the works or translations of foreign literature which is encrypted by using the local language. 

Various types of work preferred by children and adolescents in the form of a comic, fairy tale, illustrated stories, short stories and novels are works of translation that dominates almost every bookstore and local publishers. The work generally comes from the U.S. and Japan. Call it a fairy tale by Hans Christian Andersen, comic Naruto, Death Note, or Spongebob consumers preferred by children and adolescents. Then the question is where are the local works by readers in Indonesia? Are the children of our nation begin to degrade the spirit of nationalism? 

When viewed from a positive perspective, this phenomenon is actually a very positive signal to the growth of interest and the spirit of reading children. Cultural patterns that are considered conventional oral society slowly began to turn to the pleasures of reading activities. Children and adolescents who are introduced early on activities and reading behaviors will have a greater opportunity to establish his identity with the find of the literature and adapt to his will. In addition children and adolescents are more likely to have the ability to express berliteratur or activity information that foster self-confidence and competitiveness which is in her social environment. In another sense, the work of translation can be considered as satisfying the thirst of children will be local reading material that had been sluggish in the market. 

The work of translation can also serve as a catalyst for many other peoples cultures. That is, the work of translation is a bridge in understanding the medium of moral values and culture of other nations. Children and teenagers are expected to know the culture of other nations in taking the work of translation. From the introduction or cultural image of a country will be formed mutual respect among fellow citizens of the world because Indonesia did not experience child language barriers in the translation is read. 

So that the indicators to communicate information that were considered successful in the work of translation is the process of transformation or composition from the appropriate language without exaggerate or reduce the value of meaning it contains. But if the translation process took place in at random, would have a negative impact, especially for those readers who do not have enough understanding of other peoples cultural values may cause them to be influenced by cultural values and the resulting cultural and moral values degraded locally. Can imagine what it would be if that affects children is culture biased towards the negative that is incompatible with the nation's view, would be very detrimental to the development of generation and the nation itself is holistic. 

The intensity of the activity of reading the work of translation can also release the young generation the spirit of nationalism. The reason is that when children or teenagers are always treated to the works without balanced by the local work that carries the mind perkerti and examples which should normative regionalism is better known and understood outside of the child rather than the culture will allow the child feel proud of and understand the cultural wealth basically more diverse and rich in moral values and local wisdom. If the inferior position of the value of cultural and moral nation could be formed then these values will fade as the younger generation has no interest in local cultural values. 

Besides giving readers an impact on the translation work also has a significant impact on publishers regarding the rise of the translation work of the consumption of children and adolescents at the time interest in reading and reading enthusiasm began to grow. The opportunity to realize true by local publishers to produce works that are preferred translation market. 

Condition printing and publishing a book that initially sluggish due to low interest in reading as well as the presence of local works are difficult to grow in the market began to shift gradually significant. By looking at these opportunities can book the publisher will reap the benefits of best-selling translation work in the market. Bestselling works such as Harry Potter, Lord of the Ring, The Chronicle of Narnia, and others ruled the bookstore market and has a special place in the hearts of readers. Can be concluded that these opportunities do open up opportunities and provide fresh air to the publishing world who could really lethargic at the nation's monetary crisis. 

Legitimate publishers are taking advantage of opportunities for exciting atmosphere back to business. But keep in mind is the publisher who holds the authority for the work that will be released in the market. In other words, the publishers deemed necessary to have control duties in addition to reading the government and related institutions. It is intended as preventive measures against the penetration of foreign cultural values inherent in a reading of opportunity in the creation of cultural degradation. Thus in addition to the material terms and profit, the publisher also dintuntut to bring it treats both reading translations or local work that has the quality of the horizon of knowledge and understanding of local culture readers increases. 

From the discussion above can be deduced that the alien's work adapted, translated, or adapted into the Indonesian language is not entirely contrary to the local cultural values in Indonesia. So we do not need to oppose the existence of these works because not all foreign cultural values inherent in a reading has negative values which can erode the value of local culture. 

In this issue manghadapi all elements of the good publishers, communities, governments and related parties are required to bekoordinasi in memecahkannnya. One way is to provide understanding, social and cultural control for a reading, and provide understanding that not everything that smelled of literary works abroad is a quality work. Local works are now starting to rise and favored people of Indonesia, for example, Ayat-ayat cinta, Laskar Pelangi, and Are You Really, now became a bestseller. 
Planting will also understanding must be balanced by encouraging growth of local readings of the nation who work rich in cultural values, morals, manners, customs, and local wisdom that serves as a filter in the face of foreign cultural penetration .. so that future generations do not lose our identity and national identity as a younger generation of Indonesia.

Recent innovations of mankind in many important areas of life throughout the 21st century is the result of the study and the intense exploration of science. Then raises the question of how knowledge is gained from which research results are useful for life. 

Surely it does not loose connection with reading activities. By reading Man can gradually reveal the secrets of the mysteries of nature and when examined it was discovered invention (discovery) which has a big advantage in the changing patterns of human life. 

Today, we can feel the currents of modernization in many practical aspects of life such as communication, transportation access speed, recency weapons, and the invention various other fields that can simplify life. Therefore, it can be concluded that the reading has benefits and influential role in the progress of mankind. 

How often reading activities in the community can be determined by the interest in reading each individual. If the entire community has high interest in reading it can be called a culture of reading (keberaksaraan). In another sense the reading culture is a standard measure of how much interest in reading a group. 
Read their own culture in the broadest sense not only rely on the interest in reading but also how to appreciate the information contained in a reading or a so-called intelligence berliterasi.